In 1997, the Runnymede Trust in London recognized Tariq Modood's alternative definition of Islamophobia as anti-Muslim racism in the context of a multicultural society. Since then, this definition has emerged as the dominant interpretation of Islamophobia in the social sciences and public discourse alike. In this presentation, Modood will argue that Islamophobia and Muslim studies should not marginalize Muslims as a group that stands apart from the society within which they live in. Instead they should be recognized as an integral part of a multicultural community.
