This work was underwritten by grants from the Minda de Gunzburg Center for European Studies and the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs, Harvard University. The author would like to thank the many Europeans who consented to be interviewed for this article. Many thanks to Andrew Martin and Walter De Backer, who read several versions of my work. Thanks also to Renee Haferkarnp, Stanley Hoffmann, and Andrew Moravcsik for their support.
